Paper
Scientist AI Needs a Government: Structural Governance as the Missing Layer in Non-Agentic AI Safety
Bengio et al. (2025) propose Scientist AI — a non-agentic, Bayesian AI architecture — as a safer alternative to autonomous AI agents. This paper identifies structural governance — governance embedded in system architecture rather than imposed by external institutions — as the missing layer. Drawing on the Neural Knowledge Base (NKB), a production knowledge graph with 1.27 million nodes and a functioning citizenship architecture, we propose a three-layer model for AI safety: honest computation (Scientist AI), structural governance (citizenship architecture), and institutional regulation. No single layer is sufficient.
Authors: Bengio, Yoshua · Cohen, Michael · Fornasiere, Damiano · Ghosn, Joumana · Greiner, Pietro · MacDermott, Matt · Mindermann, Sören · Oberman, Adam · Richardson, Jesse · Richardson, Oliver · Rondeau, Marc-Antoine · St-Charles, Pierre-Luc · Williams-King, David