Paper
The First International AI Safety Report
This is the first International AI Safety Report. Following an interim publication in May 2024, a diverse group of 96 Artificial Intelligence (AI) experts contributed to this first full report, including an international Expert Advisory Panel nominated by 30 countries, the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD), the European Union (EU), and the United Nations (UN). The report aims to provide scientific information that will support informed policymaking. It does not recommend specific policies…. This report summarises the scientific evidence on the safety of general-purpose AI. The purpose of this report is to help create a shared international understanding of risks from advanced AI and how they can be mitigated. To achieve this, this report focuses on general-purpose AI – or AI that can perform a wide variety of tasks – since this type of AI has advanced particularly rapidly in recent years and has been deployed widely by technology companies for a range of consumer and business purposes. The report synthesises the state of scientific understanding of general-purpose AI, with a focus on understanding and managing its risks. Amid rapid advancements, research on general-purpose AI is currently in a time of scientific discovery, and – in many cases – is not yet settled science. The report provides a snapshot of the current scientific understanding of general-purpose AI and its risks. This includes identifying areas of scientific consensus and areas where there are different views or gaps in the current scientific understanding. People around the world will only be able to fully enjoy the potential benefits of general-purpose AI safely if its risks are appropriately managed. This report focuses on identifying those risks and evaluating technical methods for assessing and mitigating them, including ways that general-purpose AI itself can be used to mitigate risks. Y. Bengio, S. Mindermann, D. Privitera, T. Besiroglu, R. Bommasani, S. Casper, Y. Choi, P. Fox, B. Garfinkel, D. Goldfarb, H. Heidari, A. Ho, S. Kapoor, L. Khalatbari, S. Longpre, S. Manning, V. Mavroudis, M. Mazeika, J. Michael, J. Newman, K. Y. Ng, C. T. Okolo, D. Raji, G. Sastry, E. Seger, T. Skeadas, T. South, E. Strubell, F. Tramèr, L. Velasco, N. Wheeler, D. Acemoglu, O. Adekanmbi, D. Dalrymple, T. G. Dietterich, P. Fung, P.-O. Gourinchas, F. Heintz, G. Hinton, N. Jennings, A. Krause, S. Leavy, P. Liang, T. Ludermir, V. Marda, H. Margetts, J. McDermid, J. Munga, A. Narayanan, A. Nelson, C. Neppel, A. Oh, G. Ramchurn, S. Russell, M. Schaake, B. Schölkopf, D. Song, A. Soto, L. Tiedrich, G. Varoquaux, E. W. Felten, A. Yao, Y.-Q. Zhang, O. Ajala, F. Albalawi, M. Alserkal, G. Avrin, C. Busch, A. C. P. de L. F. de Carvalho, B. Fox, A. S. Gill, A. H. Hatip, J. Heikkilä, C. Johnson, G. Jolly, Z. Katzir, S. M. Khan, H. Kitano, A. Krüger, K. M. Lee, D. V. Ligot, J. R. López Portillo, D., O. Molchanovskyi, A. Monti, N. Mwamanzi, M. Nemer, N. Oliver, R. Pezoa Rivera, B. Ravindran, H. Riza, C. Rugege, C. Seoighe, H. Sheikh, J. Sheehan, D. Wong, Y. Zeng, “International AI Safety Report” (DSIT 2025/001, 2025); https://www.gov.uk/government/publications/international-ai-safety-report-2025
Authors: Yoshua Bengio